PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
(1) Atoms, Molecules, Stoichiometry
- Relative Masses of Atoms & Molecules
- Moles
- Determining Relative Atomic Mass (Mass Spectra)
- Calculation of Empirical & Molecular Formulae
- Reacting Masses & Volumes
Relevant Links:
(2) Atomic Structure
- Particles in Atoms
- Nucleus of Atoms
- Electrons, Orbitals
- Ionisation Energy
Relevant Links:
(3) Chemical Bonding
- Introduction
- Octet Rule
- Dot-&-Cross Diagrams
- Lewis Structure
- Ionic Bonding
- Covalent Bonding (intro)
- Covalent bonding
- Co-ordinate (dative)
- Covalent Bonding (explanation): Orbital Overlapping
- Shapes of molecules
- Metallic Bonding
- Intermolecular Forces
- Electronegativity
- Bond Polarity
- Van Der Waals forces
- Dipole-Dipole Forces
- Hydrogen Bonding
- Bond Energy
- Bond Length
- Bonding & Physical Properties
(4) States of Matter
- Gaseous State
- Kinetic theory
- Ideal gases
- General gas equation
- Liquid State
- Melting
- Vapourisation
- Vapour pressure
- Solid State
- Lattice structure of crystalline solids
- Ionic
- Simple molecular
- Giant molecular
- Hydrogen-bonded
- Metallic
- Lattice structure of crystalline solids
- Materials as a resource
(5) Chemical Energies
- Enthalpy Changes
- What is Enthalpy?
- Energy Changes: Exothermic & Endothermic
- What is a standard enthalpy change?
- Types of standard enthalpy changes
- What causes enthalpy?
- Calorimetry
- Calculating enthalpy change using calorimetry
- Hess’ Law
- What is Hess’ Law?
- Energy Cycles
- Examples
- Bond Energy
- Calculating enthalpy changes using bond energies
- Born-Haber Cycles
- Born-Haber Cycles
- Formation of simple ionic solid
- Lattice Energy
- Formation of aqueous solution
- Entropy
- What is Entropy?
- Standard entropy
- Entropy changes
- State & Temperature change
- Reaction with a change in the number of gaseous molecules
- Calculating the entropy change for a reaction
- What is a spontaneous/feasible reaction?
- Gibbs Free Energy Change
- What is Gibbs Free Energy?
- Predicting the effect of temperature on the spontaneity of a reaction
Electrochemistry
Equilibria
Reaction Kinetics
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Chemical Periodicity
- Periodicity of physical properties of elements in Period 3
- Atomic radius
- Ionic radius
- Melting point
- Electrical conductivity
- 1st ionisation energy
- Reactions of Period 3 Elements
- with oxygen
- with chlorine
- with water
- Oxides of period 3 elements
- Oxidation Numbers
- Reactions of oxides with water
- Acidic/Basic nature
- Chlorides of period 3 elements
- Oxidation Numbers
- Reactions of chlorides with water
Group 2
- Introduction to Group 2
- Properties of Group 2 elements
- Physical Properties
- Reactions
- with oxygen
- with water
- with dilute acids
- Properties of Group 2 compounds
- Reactions
- Oxides with water
- Carbonates with acid
- Thermal decomposition
- Carbonates
- Nitrates
- Solubility
- Hydroxides
- Sulfates
- Reactions
Group 17
- Introduction to Group 17
- Properties of Halogens
- Physical properties of halogens
- Chemical Properties of halogens
- Reactivity as oxidising agents
- Displacement reactions
- Reactions with hydrogen
- Thermal Stability of Hydrogen Halides
- Halide ions
- Reactions with aqueous silver ions & aqueous ammonia
- Reactions with concentrated sulfuric acid
- Disproportionation reactions
- Chlorine with water
- Chlorine with aqueous sodium hydroxide
Transition Elements
Nitrogen & Sulfur
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Introduction to Organic Chemistry
Hydrocarbons
Halogen Derivatives
Hydroxy Compounds
Carbonyl Compounds
Carboxylic Acids & Derivatives
Nitrogen Compounds
Polymerisation
Analytical Techniques
Organic Synthesis
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